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:''This is a . By nature, it may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by (expanding it ) with reliably sourced entries.'' Association football (more commonly known as ''football'' or ''soccer'') was first codified in 1863 in England, although games that involved the kicking of a ball were evident considerably earlier.〔("History of the FA" ). The Football Association. Archived from (the original ) on 7 April 2005. Retrieved 9 October 2007.〕 A large number of football-related terms have since emerged to describe various aspects of the sport and its culture. The evolution of the sport has been mirrored by changes in this terminology over time. For instance, the role of an inside forward in variants of a 2–3–5 formation has many parallels to that of an attacking midfielder, although the positions are nonetheless distinct.〔Ponting, Ivan (11 February 2009). ("Reg Davies: Footballer who renounced singing for sport" ). ''The Independent''. Retrieved 20 May 2010.〕 Similarly, a 2–3–5 centre half can in many ways be compared to a holding midfielder in a 4–1–3–2.〔("The Question: Are Barcelona reinventing the W-W formation?" ). ''The Guardian''. 26 October 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2011.〕 In many cases, multiple terms exist for the same concept. One reason for this is the progression of language over time. The sport itself, originally known as association football, is now more widely known by the shortened term ''football'', or ''soccer'', derived from the word ''association''.〔("Soccer: A different ball game" ). BBC. 18 June 2002. Retrieved 20 May 2011.〕 Other duplicate terms can be attributed to differences between varieties of English. In Europe, where British English is prevalent, the achievement of not conceding a goal for an entire match is known as a clean sheet.〔Smith, Frank (29 November 2010). ("England goalkeeper Scott Loach says Watford's clean sheet at Barnsley feels like a hat-trick" ). ''Watford Observer''. Retrieved 20 May 2011.〕 In North America, where American and Canadian English dominate, the same achievement is referred to as a shutout.〔(MLS' "Sounders stay unbeaten with 2–0 win over Toronto" ). ''USA Today''. Associated Press. 4 April 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2011.〕 Occasionally the actions of an individual have made their way into common football parlance. Two notable examples are Diego Maradona's goals in Argentina's 1986 World Cup quarter-final win against England. After the match, Maradona described his first goal—a handball that the referee missed—as having been scored "a little bit by the hand of God, another bit by the head of Maradona".〔Cassidy, Sarah (23 September 2004). ("Sports stars 'undermine the teaching of fair play'" ). ''The Independent''. Retrieved 2 October 2011.〕 His second goal was subsequently voted in a 2002 FIFA poll as the Goal of the century. Both phrases are now widely understood to refer to the goals in that match.〔 __NOTOC__ ==Inclusion criteria== This glossary serves as a point of reference for terms which are commonly used within association football, and which have a sport-specific meaning. It seeks to avoid defining common English words and phrases that have no special meaning within football. Exceptions include cases where a word or phrase's use in the context of football might cause confusion to someone not familiar with the sport (such as clean sheet), or where it is fundamental to understanding the sport (such as goal). Entries on nicknames relating to specific players or teams are actively avoided. Other phrases without entries are specific clubs, rivalries, media organisations or works, unless the name also has a more general meaning within football, as is the case with El Clásico and ''Roy of the Rovers'' stuff. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Glossary of association football terms」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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